为了让大家在用英文邮件（或外贸开发信）沟通新冠肺炎疫情时可以显得更加专业和严谨，红板砖归纳整理了你可能会使用到的英文单词或短语。（部分内容来自中国翻译研究院，供业界及相关人员参考使用）
提示：下面这个列表我们将持续增加和更新，请大家持续关注。
另外红板砖还为你准备了一些新型冠状病毒肺炎Coronavirus疫情下的外贸开发信模板。
疫病名称
coronavirus 新型冠状病毒
COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病
SARS-CoV-2 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2
pneumonia 肺炎
NCP (Novel coronavirus pneumonia) 新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎英文简称）
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 严重急性呼吸综合征（非典）
severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) 严重急性呼吸道感染
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 中东呼吸综合征
传染防控
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件
pandemic 全球大流行
COVID-19 pandemic 冠状病毒病全球大流行
outbreak 疫情大爆发
Coronavirus outbreak 冠状病毒病爆发
epicenter 疫情中心
human-to-human transmission 或 person-to-person transmission人传人
vaccine 疫苗
affected area 疫区
quarantine 隔离 (under quarantine 或者 someone is quarantined)
incubation period 潜伏期
Coronavirus can lie dormant for 14 days 新型冠状病毒肺炎有14天的潜伏期
confirmed case 确诊病例
suspected case 疑似病例
patient in critical condition 重症患者
close contact 密切接触者
be under medical observation 接受医院观察
droplet transmission 飞沫传播
fatality rate 病死率
death toll 死亡总数
epidemic prevention and control 疫情防控
imported case 输入性病例
secondary infection case 二代病例
asymptomatic infection 隐性感染
clinical tests 临床检验
isolation ward 隔离病房
observation ward 观察室
fecal-oral transmission 粪口传播
prevention and control of the virus 防疫
direct contact 直接接触
indirect contact 间接接触
to monitor body temperature 监测体温
to check body temperature 体温检测
to quarantine yourself in your home / self-monitored quarantine 自我隔离
to wear a mask 戴口罩
to wash your hands often / carefully 勤洗手/仔细洗手
disinfection 消毒
avoid crowds 避免去人多的地方
器具名称
face mask / facial mask / facemask / mask 口罩
N95 mask/respirator N95口罩
surgical mask 医用外科口罩
disposable gloves 一次性手套
protective clothing / suits 防护服
goggles 护目镜
infrared thermometer 红外体温测量仪
thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring 体温检测热像仪
diagnostic tool / kit 诊断器具
disinfectant / antiseptic solution 消毒液
disinfectant / antiseptic wipes 消毒湿巾
alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer 含酒精洗手液
protective suit 防护服
negative pressure ambulance 负压救护车
medical supplies 医疗物资
urgently needed materials 紧缺物资
政策举措
the lockdown of a city / a city is on lockdown 封城
first-level public health emergency response 重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应
Public Health Emergency of International Concern（PHEIC）国际关注的突发公共卫生事件
shortage of medical supplies 医疗物资紧缺
daily necessities 日常基本生活物资
cross-border procurement 跨境采购
to stock up on food 囤积食物
机构、职业群体和场所名称
WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织（世卫组织）
Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组（中央应对疫情工作领导小组）
National Health Commission （NHC）中国国家卫生健康委员会（卫健委）
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心）
National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局）
medical institution 医疗机构
health institution 卫生机构
medical practitioner / healthcare professional 医疗从业者
medical personnel / health workforce / health workers 医疗人员
frontline health workers 一线医护人员
Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS) 钟南山
designated hospitals 定点医院
fever clinic 发热门诊
intensive care unit (ICU) 重症监护病房
quarantine office 检疫所
pharmacy / drugstore 药店
其他表述
遏制
要表达“遏制”（疫情传播）可以用contain、stem、halt和curb：
We are confident in our ability to contain the spread of the virus.
In an effort to stem the spread of the virus from its suspected origin, transport bans were instituted in some cities.
People are encouraged to wear masks to halt the spread of the novel coronavirus.
The Government on Monday (Jan 27) announced a slew of further measures to urb the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus in the Republic.
延长假期 / 延期开学
School return was postponed.
China has extended the Lunar New Year holiday until Sunday; on Tuesday it was announced that the start of the next semester for schools and universities across the country would be postponed.
表示“传播”的词有spread、transmit、pass
1. spread、transmit和pass都可作为不及物动词
Many of the respiratory viruses that spread amongst humans do transmit even in the absence of symptoms, including influenza and other cold viruses. They are carried into the air during normal breathing and talking by the infected person.
It is known that this virus can pass from one to another through close physical contact.
2. spread、transmit和pass也都可作为及物动词
Other respiratory infections such as measles and influenza can both be spread, without the infected person showing symptoms.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, which means they are transmitted between animals and people.
More and more evidence suggests that it can be passed by droplets that spread face to face by a cough or sneeze directly on the face from one to another as was SARS.
3. spread可以加上ing变成名词
If symptomless spreading is confirmed, it would not be too surprising.
4. spread本身也可以作为名词使用
WHO Director-General is confident in China’s ability to control and contain the spread of the virus.
5. 有时我们也可以用其他词来形象的表达，比如：jump。
The coronavirus is a zoonotic disease, meaning it jumps from animals to humans.
endemic vs epidemic vs pandemic
endemic、epidemic和pandemic是流行病学里的三个常见的概念，它们是outbreak的三种类型，我们可以从持续时间和影响范围这两个方面来区别。
持续时间
endemic持续时间较长，比较稳定，不会突然消失，表现其特点的英文表达有：occurs at a predictable rate、remain at a steady state。
epidemic和pandemic一样，持续时间较短，起病快、传播迅速，但又突然消失，相关的英文表达有：rapidly spread、normally spread in two weeks or less。
影响范围
endemic影响特定群体或局部地区，如：in a certain area or among a set population.
epidemic的影响范围较大，amongst a large number of people in a given population。
pandemic的影响范围更大，It stretches over a larger area, infects more people and causes more deaths than an epidemic.甚至在全世界范围内流行（worldwide spread）。